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Investigating the physical properties of outbursts on comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

Zhong-Yi Lin 1 Jörg Knollenberg 2 Jean-Baptiste Vincent 2 Michael F. A’hearn 3 Wing-Huen Ip 4, 1, 5 Holger Sierks 6 Cesare Barbieri 7, 8 Philippe Lamy 9 Rafael Rodrigo 10, 11 Detlief Koschny 12 Hans Rickman 13 Horst U. Keller 6 Stefano Mottola 2 Dennis Bodewits 3 Jessica Agarwal 6 Maria Antonella Barucci 14 Jean-Loup Bertaux 15 Ivano Bertini 7 Gabriele Cremonese 16 Jakob Deller 6 Vania da Deppo 17 Björn Davidsson 18 Stefano Debei 19 Mariolino de Cecco 20 Sonia Fornasier 14 Marco Fulle 21 O. Groussin 9 Pedro J. Gutierrez 22 Carsten Güttler 6 Marc Hofmann 6 Stubbe F. Hviid 2 Laurent Jorda 9 Gabor Kovacs 6 Jörg-Rainer Kramm 6 Ekkehard Kührt 2 Michael Kuppers 10 Ian-Lin Lai 4 Luisa M. Lara 22 Monica Lazzarin 8 Jui-Chi Lee 23 José J. Lopez-Moreno 22 Francesco Marzari 7 Giampiero Naletto 24 Nilda Oklay 2 Theresa Ott 25 Esther Drolshagen 25 Xian Shi 6 Nicolas Thomas 26 Cécilia Tubiana 6
1 IANCU - Institute of Astronomy [Taiwan]
2 DLR Institut für Planetenforschung
3 Department of Astronomy [College Park]
4 Institute of Space Science [Taiwan]
5 SSI - Space Science Institute [Macau]
6 MPS - Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung
7 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei"
8 CISAS - Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali “Giuseppe Colombo”
9 LAM - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
10 CAB - Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid]
11 ISSI - International Space Science Institute [Bern]
12 RSSD - Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC
13 CBK - Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences
14 LESIA (UMR_8109) - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique
15 IMPEC - LATMOS
LATMOS - Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales
16 OAPD - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
17 IFN - CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Padova]
18 Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala]
19 Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova]
20 University of Trento [Trento]
21 OAT - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
22 IAA - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
23 Department of Earth Sciences [Chung-Li City]
24 DEI - Department of Information Engineering [Padova]
25 University of Oldenburg
26 Physikalisches Institut [Bern]
Abstract : Cometary outbursts on several comets have been observed both by ground-based telescopesand byin situinstruments on spacecraft. However, the mechanism behind these phenomenaand their physical properties are still unclear. The optical, spectrocopic and infrared remoteimaging system (OSIRIS) onboard theRosettaspacecraft provided first-hand informationon the outbursts from comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko during its perihelion passage in2015. The physical properties of the outbursts can be investigated by examining the timeseries of these high-resolution images. An analysis is made of the wide- and narrow-angleimages obtained during the monitoring of the outburst sequences, which occurred between Julyand September in 2015. A ring-masking technique is used to calculate the excess brightnessof the outbursts. The ejected mass and expansion velocity of the outbursts is estimated fromdifferences in images made with the same filter (orange filter). The calculated excess brightnessfrom these outburst plumes ranges from a few per cent to 28 per cent. In some major outbursts,the brightness contribution from the outburst plume can be one or two times higher than thatof the typical coma jet activities. The strongest event was the perihelion outburst detected justa few hours before perihelion. The mass ejection rate during a generic outburst could reacha few per cent of the steady-state value of the dust coma. Transient events are detected bystudying the brightness slope of the outburst plume with continuous streams of outflowinggas and dust triggered by driving mechanisms, as yet not understood, which remain active forseveral minutes to less than a few hours.
Keywords : comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
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OBSPM | UVSQ | PSL | USPC | SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE | SU-SCIENCES | OSU-INSTITUT-PYTHEAS | LATMOS | INSU | UNIV-PARIS7 | CNRS | UNIV-AMU | LAM | LESIA | APC | UNIV-PARIS-SACLAY | UP-SCIENCES

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Zhong-Yi Lin, Jörg Knollenberg, Jean-Baptiste Vincent, Michael F. A’hearn, Wing-Huen Ip, et al.. Investigating the physical properties of outbursts on comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy P - Oxford Open Option A, 2017, 469 (Suppl 2), pp.S731-S740. ⟨10.1093/mnras/stx2768⟩. ⟨obspm-02196780⟩

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