Failure mechanism Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Li-ion batteries Thin films Coating EIS Lithium battery Exsolution Activated carbon Supercapacitors FIB/SEM NMR Aqueous electrolyte Anodes CO2 electrolysis GGA+U Li-ion battery Ionic conductivity Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Capacitance Diazonium chemistry Perovskite Ionic liquid Organic battery Lithium ion batteries Lithium ion battery Cyclic voltammetry Electrolyte Grafting Lithium-ion batteries Microdevice Porous silicon Diazonium FeWO 4 Electrolytes Raman spectroscopy Interface Anode Supercapacitor Manganese dioxide DFT Fuel cell Impedance spectroscopy CVD SOFC Electrochemical capacitor Graphene XPS Vanadium nitride Chemical vapor deposition Fe Organic batteries Electrodes Energy storage Electrode MAS NMR Organic electrode materials Photovoltaics Electrode material Microstructure Fermi contact Silicon Binder Electrochemical performance Titanium nitride Positive electrode Nickel oxide Current collector Ionic liquid electrolytes Graphite Electrochemistry Degradation DFT calculations Diazonium salts Magnetron sputtering Batteries Power performance Plasma LiFePO4 Crystal structure Redox-active amine Microbatteries Micro-supercapacitors MnO2 Ionogels SOEC Negative electrode Pseudocapacitance Lithium batteries Lithium-ion battery Electrochemical electrodes Intercalation Transition metals Sputtering Cycle performance Cycling stability Micro-supercapacitor Operando Electrical conductivity Electrochemical capacitors